Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous carcass and Peripheral Nervous SystemExplain the different structures and functions of the two main types of cells in the skittish system. Neurons atomic number 18 the nerve cells they contain a cell organise, an axon, and dendrites. The cell dead body is the startle that contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon is a piece that extends from the cell body its vocation is to send impulses away from the cell body. Most argon covered with bulbe sheath. This sheath helps defend the axon and speeds the impulse. The dendrites branch off from the cell body to a fault, their job is to send impulses to the cell body.Neuralgia is a connective waver that erects the neurons. Their job is to protect the nervous system. Astrocytes look like star-shaped cells they ar the biggest of the neuroglial cells in the key nervous system. Astrocytes surround the head words blood capillaries to form blood- foreland barriers which protect the brain from harmful substances. Mi croglia ar littler cells that eat cellular debris, waste, and pathogens in nerve tissue. Oligodendrocytes are in the interstitial nervous system, smaller than astrocytes. They wrap nigh axons to form myelin sheaths. As stated above, the sheaths protect the axons and speed the nerve impulses.Describe the structures and functions of theperipheral nervous system (PNS). Be sure to include the steel associated with the PNS, and contrast the functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves, which transmit impulses from the brain to other part of the body and ganglion, which are masses of nerve cell bodies that connect structures. at that place are two main groups of nerves the receptive nerves and the centrifugal nerves. The afferent nerves send information from the body to the brain. The centrifugal nerves send information from the brain to the muscles. The system is hence broken into the somatic and autonomic nervous syst ems. The somatic nervous system regulates the volunteer bindled separate of the skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary controlled part like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the glands, and secretions. The autonomic nervous system is also broken into two parts the sympathetic and parasympathetic characters. The sympathetic section responds when the body is in danger, incr readinesss heart rate, blood pressure, etc. The parasympathetic division is when the body is relaxed and resting. It is responsible for things like constriction of pupil, slowing of heart, and digestive systems. chance upon the two primary components of thecentral nervous system (CNS). Describe the protecting(prenominal) membranes associated with the CNS. Differentiate between afferent and efferent nerve structure and function.The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is, obviously, protected b y the vertebrae. They are also meet by meninges and by cerebrospinal fluid. The meninges are cardinal protective layers of tissue. The outermost layer is the dura mater, the middle is the arachnoid membrane, and past the pia mater is the versedmost layer. The cerebrospinal fluid flows all around the brain and spinal cord. It provides nutrients to the central nervous system. The spinal cord consists of afferent and efferent nerves. The afferent nerves send information from the body to the brain. The efferent nerves send information from the brain to the muscles.Name and give a brief description of the structures of the brain. Include the functions of these structures.The four major divisions of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is the whole top portion of the brain it controls the memory, sensations, and voluntary movements. The cerebellum is attached to the brain stem and its main f unction is to coordinate body movements and balance. The diencephalon is in between the cerebrum and the midbrain. It consists of the thalamus, which is in charge of the sensory stimuli the hypothalamus, which is in charge of sensory functions (i.e. sleep, appetite, etc.) and the pineal body, which is in charge of regulating the bodys biologic clock. The brain stem is between the spinal cord and the diencephalon and consists of the electric light oblongata, the pons, and the upper part of the midbrain. The brain stem is the path for impulses between the brain and the body.Choose 10 pathological conditions affecting the nervous system pick up each including diagnosis and treatment, if applicable.Alzheimers illness is a progressively fatal disease. It destroys brain cells and causes memory loss. Gradually over time the person will no longer be able to write or perform tasks, and then it gets to the point that the person scum bagnot hitherto control bodily functions such as bowel and bladder movements. There is not really a symptomatic test yet that has identified Alzheimers. There is no cure for AD, exclusively the use of tacrine hydrochloride is used in mild cases to improve memory.Bells palsy is chiefly a temporary paralysis of the muscles on one boldness of the showcase following trauma. Diagnosis is simply the inability to close eye or drooling because of no control of facial muscle on one side of the face after a trauma has occurred. There is really no treatment needed, however, facial massage, heat, prednisone for swelling, or analgesia for pain all help.anencephaly is when in that location is no brain or spinal cord at birth. The only diagnosis is through an amniocentesis during pregnancy, and there is nothing they can do.Carpal tunnel syndrome is pressure on the median nerve caused by swelling of the tendons. Doctors diagnose carpal tunnel based on the symptoms of itch in the fingers or palms of hands, pain in the wrists, or weakness in hands . Treatment uses splints, anti-inflammatory drugs, and several(prenominal)times surgery.Cerebral contusion occurs when the brain hits the inner skull and causes a bruise of the brain, happens most often in car accidents. If doctors wary a cerebral contusion they can have an MRI or CT scan run. Treatment consists of close observation, if there is a attracter of intracranial pressure then surgery may be needed.Huntingtons chorea is an inherited, degenerative unhealthiness. The characteristics are spontaneous involuntary motor movements, speech problems, and restlessness. Since the disease is inherited, genetic testing could be done to diagnose the disease even so before it begins. There is unfortunately no cure for this disease. There are some support groups for families affected by the disease.Narcolepsy is a sleeping disorder where the person can fall asleep randomly for minutes or even hours at a time. A polysomnogram can be performed to respect the persons sleep patterns. There is no cure, but medications are used to control the symptoms.Shingles (herpes zoster) is a viral infection that causes a rash on the body occurs mostly in adults over 50. Flu-like symptoms, GI disturbances, tiredness, and rash are all symptoms that help to diagnose the disease. Treatments are used to help ease pain and get you better faster (analgesics or antiviral medications).Paraplegia is caused when there is severe injury to the spinal cord, results in paralysis of the lower half(prenominal) of the body. There is no treatment for paraplegia. However I did see online that there are many support groups for anyone who knows or falls victim to paraplegia. triplex sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS destructs the myelin surrounding nerves of the CNS. There are many symptoms that indicate somebody could have MS Unsteady balance, numbness of multiple extremities, facial numbness, and even impotence in males. When a doctor suspects MS an MRI ma y be performed, complete blood count, and spinal fluid evaluation. As with many of the diseases of the nervous system, there is no cure for MS. There are some medications that have helped prolong remissions, and as always there are support systems to help the family and persons affected by the disease.